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Collectivization of agriculture and nationalization of property in the village of Uhřice u Sedlce - Prčice in Czech Siberia between 1945 and 1960
Trojovská, Pavlína ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee)
The described development in the village of Uhřice (Sedlec - Prčice) with detailed consideration of two mills reflects the political, social and economic changes in Czechoslovakia that began in February 1948. In particular the collectivisation of agriculture accompanied by confiscation and nationalisation of movable and immovable assets in the region traditionally linked to a peasant way of life. The example of the village Uhřice and the studied mills illustrates the transformation of the area hidden under the term "Socialisation of the countryside". At the same time, it bears witness to the fact that ideology itself is not a crime in its entirety; the crimes are committed by the people themselves - the perpetrators, those who do so in good faith, as well as those who act for personal gain. The work is based mainly on written documents preserved in the State District Archives in Příbram and Benešov. The findings are set in the broader context of the legal and political framework. For this reason, the period under study is limited to the first half of the 1970s.
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Social legislation in Czech lands in the years 1918 - 1948
Roubíková, Petra ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee)
Social legislation in Czech lands in the years 1918 - 1948 Abstract The dissertation deals with the theme of social legislation in the period of 1918-1948. i.e. during the so called First, Second and Third Czechoslovak republic. However, the foundations of the Czechoslovak laws in this area lays in the period of Austrian laws, especially from the second half of the 19.th century. Development of social legislation was directly conected with the existence of a legal regulation of modern municipal self-government and higher levels of self-government. Two very important acts were adopted in this respect: Act No. 18/1862 The empire's code implemented on 5th March 1862 "The Act on Municipal matters" and on 3rd December 1863 Act. No. 105/1863 The empire's code "The act about Domestic rights". For poor relief the "The Poverty act" (Act No. 59/1868 The provincial code) was enacted on 3rd December 1868. Based on the social policies of "stick and carrot" of Otto von Bismarck in Germany, the Austrian Government enacted series of Acts on health and other types of social insurance systems, which were not universal, but had differences for different types of workers and employees, for example for miners, factory workers or white collars. Because the Act No. 11/ 1918 Coll. of laws transferred practically all existing...
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The Elimination of the Private Enterprices, Small and Medium Sized Enterpreneurs, in Czechoslovakia between 1948-1953
Buštová, Iva ; Marková, Alena (advisor) ; Štemberk, Jan (referee)
Diploma thesis "The elimination of the Private Enterprises, Small and Medium Sized Entrepreneurs, in Czechoslovakia between 1948-1953" is focused on the period after the February 1948, which dates the power takeover by Communistic party of Czechoslovakia, and deals with one feature of change of the Czechoslovak economy, especially the elimination of the private sector, and arising of the socialistic sector as the only segment of the national economy. The thesis reveals the change in communistic attitude toward the private entrepreneurship in 1945-1949, and steps which it took against the private entrepreneurs. Moreover, the thesis describes acting of state authorities and other institutions which played important role in the whole process. It also detects the way which was used for joining the private small and medium sized enterprises into the socialistic sector or the way how they were eliminated in 1948-1953. The whole process is embedded into a broader historical background. The research includes three levels. The first one is legislative level, the second includes state authorities and institutions taking part in the process of elimination following the instructions given by the Communistic party of Czechoslovakia, and finally the third level which refers to entrepreneurs themselves and their...
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Nationalization of clothes's company NEHERA (1945-1948)
Buršíková, Alena ; Kubů, Eduard (advisor) ; Štolleová, Barbora (referee)
This thesis is a case study of the clothing company Nehera, clothing service in Prostějov in years 1945 - 1948. It analyzes the changes the company went through after the war. It especially covers the underlying mechanism of the nationalization process which it also explains. Attention is paid to the conversion from a private company to the national company. It also studies the principles which the newly formed national company operated on. Thereby it covers the results the nationalization brought.
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The Nationalized Beer. Brewing Industry in Central Bohemia 1945-1955
Šperl, Jiří ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Janáč, Jiří (referee)
After the Second world war in Czechoslovakia as well as in most European countries there was a tendency to implement into the economy the principles of nationalization, planning and production rationalization. However, in reality the use of these rules encountered difficulties that had not been expected neither by political nor economic areas. It was not only the issue of the rate and form of interventions into the economy from the communist and non-communist parties but also disputes and fights for pushing through particular interests which were being accompanied by a radical form of expropriation done by the communists after the overthrow in February 1948. The aim of this paper is to analyse the nationalization development in brewing industry which belonged to traditional Czech industrial branches and despite its considerable capital and production concentration it preserved a high level of diversity ranging from mass- production to family facilities. This paper will deal with e.g. mechanisms of occupying of leading positions, nationalization impact and effect of political changes on employees, unions activities, production management strategies (reaching the plans of governmental institutions, socialist competition among companies), by the influence of state programmes, improvement of population...
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Olomouc cheese - production, business, consumption, 1938-1960
Sedláček, Petr ; Kubů, Eduard (advisor) ; Jakubec, Ivan (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with topic of production, enterprise and consumption of "Olomoucké tvarůžky" (Olomouc cottage cheese) in a 1938-1960 period on the ground of bohemian lands, or Czechoslovakia respectively. It summarizes development of this branch up to the year 1938 and observes how it was affected by the consequences of the Munich Treaty. The thesis puts closer look at the types of state interventions in production of Olomouc cottage cheese in war and postwar time. It also observes process of socialization and subsequent nationalization of private businesses in 1950s. Then it focuses on major aspects of business in this branch and brings more detailed study of three typical entrepreneurs according to the scale of their involvement. The thesis furthermore characterizes production of Olomouc cottage cheese as an individual branch of dairy industry. It surveys number, form, regional dislocation and machinery of businesses. Then it considers amount of production of Olomouc cottage cheese, its relation to total cheese production, to type of plant and region. It deals with number, structure and position of employees in Olomouc cottage cheese businesses. It also concerns export of Olomouc cottage cheese. Last chapter inquires position of Olomouc cottage cheese in consumption habits of population...
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Zruč nad Sázavou during period 1945-1948. Memories, memorials, reality
Loudová, Veronika ; Míšková, Alena (advisor) ; Nováková, Tamara (referee)
This banchelor thesis "Zruč nad Sázavou during period 1945-1948: memories, memorials, reality" contains a description of all the important events that occurred in the postwar period in this town. The thesis is divided into six key chapters. The first chapter introduces to the reader the town and its genesis and development till the Second World War period. Also war acts are not omitted, which greatly influenced life in the small town. The second chapter deals with the local uprisings and changes that have brought these moments in May. The following three principal chapters descrie the development of the town after occupation. Local Communist Party, a post-war elections and the Communist takeover are mentioned as well. The last chapter is devoted to the company Bata, which was most affected by the post-war changes. In this thesis are also testimonies of witnesses who remember the events of that period.
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